The Relationship of the United States With China

The relationship between the U.S. and China traces back to the Treaty of Wanghia in 1844. Among other issues, the treaty fixed trade tariffs, granted U.S. nationals the right to build churches and hospitals in specific Chinese cities and stipulated that U.S. nationals cannot be tried in Chinese courts (instead they would be tried in U.S. consular offices). Since then the relationship has fluctuated coming closet to open conflict during the Korean War. Second Sino-Japanese War/World War II Beginning in 1937, China and Japan entered into conflict that would eventually combine with the Second World War. The bombing of Pearl Harbor officially brought the United States in the war on the Chinese side. During this period the United States funneled a great amount of aid to help the Chinese. The conflict ended simultaneously with the end of the Second World War and the surrender of the Japanese in 1945. Korean War Both China and the US got involved in the Korean War in support of the North and the South respectively. This was the only time when soldiers from both countries actually fought as the U.S./U.N. forces battled Chinese soldiers upon Chinas official entrance in the war to counter American involvement. The Taiwan Issue The end of the second world war saw the emergence of two Chinese factions: the nationalist Republic of China (ROC), headquartered in Taiwan and supported by the United States; and the communists in the Chinese mainland who, under the leadership of Mao Zedong, established the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). The U.S. supported and only recognized the ROC, working against the recognition of the PRC in the United Nations and amongst its allies until the rapprochement during the Nixon/Kissinger years. Old Frictions The United States and Russia have still found plenty over which to clash. The United States has pushed hard for further political and economic reforms in Russia, while Russia bristles at what they see as meddling in internal affairs. The United States and its allies in NATO have invited new, former Soviet, nations to join the alliance in the face of deep Russian opposition. Russia and the United States have clashed over how best to settle the final status of Kosovo and how to treat Irans efforts to gain nuclear weapons. Closer Relationship In the late 60s and at the height of the Cold War both countries had a reason to start negotiating in hopes of a rapprochement. For China, the border clashes with the Soviet Union in 1969 meant that a closer relationship with the U.S. might provide China with a good counterbalance to the Soviets. The same effect was important for the United States as it looked for ways to increase its alignments against the Soviet Union in the Cold War. The rapprochement was symbolized by the historic visit of Nixon and Kissinger to China. Post-Soviet Union The disintegration of the Soviet Union re-inserted a tension into the relationship as both countries lost a common enemy and the United States became an undisputed global hegemon. Adding to the tension is Chinas ascent as a global economic power and the expansion of its influence to resource-rich areas such as Africa, offering an alternative model to the United States, usually termed the Beijing consensus. The more recent opening of the Chinese economy has meant closer and increased trade relationships between both countries.

Sociology Of Family Questions Free Essay Example, 1000 words

They contend that while a woman must embrace her traditional role as the primary family caregiver, she must also be allowed to pursue a professional career. They raise the issue with conservatives' point of view by pointing out that they rely on women as exploited and underpaid caregivers who allow men the opportunity to pursue their activities outside the family setting. In essence, men are allowed a great deal of liberation while women are restricted to family settings. Liberals while advocating for women independence fail to acknowledge that this independence was facilitated from the family and was only made possible by family relationships. Feminists propose a system that would involve judging a family based on its functioning and not form. Functioning, in this context, is human satisfaction and development while the form is the family structure. Feminists further add that reforms to ‘build and maintain the social capital of volunteer groups, neighborhoods and communities are the way to go in building family structures (85-86). I agree with the feminist view as expressed by Gisele (76-86). The paper has clearly presented the conservatives, liberals and feminists ideas and made a clear distinction between them. Q 3: What is the myth of universality? Skolnick and Skolnick (3) define the myth of universality as the belief that all families are fundamentally similar even though they differ in members, emotional settings, living dynamics, principles, social and family networks and economic functions. We will write a custom essay sample on Sociology Of Family Questions or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now This similarities and differences have made it difficult to formulate a definition for the family that would hold true across time and place. While the myth of universality is a noble and commendable attempt at defining families, it is a serious disservice to understanding the concept of family as it influences perceptions of the concept by narrowing perception and considering deviations as perversities (4). I disagree with the myth of universality and believe that the definition of a family is dependent on the setting, cultural background and beliefs. For instance, among the Muslim faithful a man is allowed to marry up to four wives and divorce is common, such that any family with four wives and one husband is considered normal and divorce is a common occurrence. This is, however, not the case among the Catholics. Based on their bible teachings a man is only allowed to marry one wife and divorce is frowned upon. An attempt at defining a family in the Muslim setting would be unacceptable among the Catholics and vice versa.

The Inseparable Link of Nursing and Caring Free Essays

Caring is a human instinct. Especially with people that are close to our hearts, people would not hesitate to care for their general well-being. More so, people whose duty is in the service sector, they are more enjoined to care for their customers. We will write a custom essay sample on The Inseparable Link of Nursing and Caring or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is why â€Å"caring† is both a duty and a responsibility to people involved in the health care profession. As defined by Mosby’s Medical, Nursing and Allied Health Dictionary (2002), caring means the actions characteristic of concern for the well-being, such as sensitivity, comforting, attentive listening, and honesty for the patient. One of the frequent reminders offered to health care professionals is that â€Å"patients are people†. This is not because health care professionals do not know this or, worse, do not care about the status of their patients. It is simply that in the cut and thrust of decision making in relation to the clinical management of a patient’s condition, the human side of health care can be overshadowed by its technical aspects. No doubt, to become a successful nurse, one must not only learn to deal with their patients as clients, caring for them is important to assure their recovery from any maladies. Since the days of Florence Nightingale, there has been a direct link between nursing and service to others (Kearney, 2001). When a child is asked why they want to become a doctor or a nurse, they often respond, â€Å"To help other people†.   This response partially defines caring because caring cannot occur if others are not involved. Caring requires a recipient. Several theorists have developed conceptual models based on caring. One of them is Dorthea Orem, who developed the Self-Care Deficit Model (1995). Orem believed that all individuals desire to care for and meet their personal care needs and that each person has varied abilities to participate in meeting his personal self-care needs. The nurse attempts to meet the client’s self-care needs in an effort to reduce the client’s self-care deficits. On the other hand, Watson (1999) believed that caring is a moral ideal and that nursing is a caring art and science. The client is the center of human caring. Finally, Leininger (2001) purported that nursing is a learned art focused on caring in accord with an individual’s culture. To these theorists, caring definitely is a vital component of nursing. Moreover, Bertero (1999) deemed that caring includes â€Å"all aspects of delivering nursing care to patients† (p. 414). Thus, caring is the essence and the unifying core of nursing. In her book, Leininger proposed that caring is the trademark of nursing practice: â€Å"Care is the essence and the central unifying and dominant domain to characterize nursing. Care has also been postulated to be an essential human need for the full development, health maintenance, and survival of human beings in all world cultures† (1988, p. 3). These statements imply that caring is both the duty and responsibility of all nurses as members of the health care profession.. Indeed, the central aim of both nursing and medicine is to act in the best interests of the patient. This is such an obvious statement that it is hardly worth setting down on the page. However, the old adage ‘easier said than done’ springs readily to mind once we begin to think out the practicalities of acting in the patient’s best interests. Most difficult, perhaps, is the question of how we know what the patient would say these are. The place of advance directives is relevant here as they present a very clear example of situations where the patient’s interests are known, yet they still lead to complex discussions about the validity of the patient’s view on their situation. The problem is that nurses have to be sure that the circumstances they face are the ones anticipated by the patient when the advance directive was made. With all the stress and challenges of being a nurse, coupled with the management of extended workloads and staff shortages within already restricted finances, it is not surprising that the focus of nursing and caring gets lost within the biomedical emphasis. The advent of clinical supervision focused on reflective practice has promoted a refocusing of the emphasis towards patient-centered care and caring as central to nursing. It provides a structure within which any nurse can develop both personally and professionally, maximizing their therapeutic potential to improve patient care while balancing all challenges with caring for their patients. Although some nurses see their profession as a stepping stone for financial reward, others see nursing profession as a vocation   that provides self-satisfaction or self-fulfillment. Whatever intentions they might have in mind, nursing defines who they are. Nursing, to a professional, is a career plan, a central part of his core being; and caring is the behavioral outcome. The concepts of essential relationships and self-reward may comprise care of others and care of self. â€Å"Components of this service ideal include a profound sense of purpose, a true sense of capability, and a deep concern for others demonstrated as caring† (Hood Leddy, 2003, p. 32). Service to others provides a meaningful life purpose. Service gives the individual feelings of competence in the ability to perform a task. Service is the link between concern for others and action in response to concern. Definitely, nurses would be able to meet a client’s needs when provide services with care and concern. Caring is a commitment by the nurse to become involved, and its character is relational. Fact is that nurses entered into this relationship with their whole being as they chose to venture in this kind of profession (Bertero, 1999, p. 415). To realize that caring is more than a physical presence, nurses should promote a relational concern for the patient’s well-being. It is essential that there is an active commitment for both the process of healing for the patient and to the furtherance of our nursing knowledge. Thus, there should be a union of caring and competence and the link should be seen as the ultimate goal of the nursing practice. References Bertero, C. (1999). Caring For and About Cancer Patients: Identifying the Meaning of the Phenomenon â€Å"Caring† through Narratives. Cancer Nursing, 22(6): 414–420. Hood, L. and Leddy, S. (2003). Leddy and Pepper’s Conceptual Bases of Professional Nursing (5th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott . Kearney, R. (2001). Advancing Your Career: Concepts of Professional Nursing. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company Leininger, M. (1988). Care: The Essence of Nursing and Health. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press. Leininger, M. (2001). Culture Care Diversity and Universality: A Theory of Nursing. Boston: Jones and Bartlett. Mosby’s Medical, Nursing and Allied Health Dictionary. (2002). Caring. Retrieved 27 October 2006, from xreferplus. Orem, D. (1995). Nursing: Concepts of Practice (5th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby. Watson, J. (1999). Nursing: Human Science and Human Care (3rd ed.). Norwalk, CT: Appleton-Century-Crofts. How to cite The Inseparable Link of Nursing and Caring, Essay examples The Inseparable Link of Nursing and Caring Free Essays Caring is a human instinct. Especially with people that are close to our hearts, people would not hesitate to care for their general well-being. More so, people whose duty is in the service sector, they are more enjoined to care for their customers. We will write a custom essay sample on The Inseparable Link of Nursing and Caring or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is why â€Å"caring† is both a duty and a responsibility to people involved in the health care profession. As defined by Mosby’s Medical, Nursing and Allied Health Dictionary (2002), caring means the actions characteristic of concern for the well-being, such as sensitivity, comforting, attentive listening, and honesty for the patient. One of the frequent reminders offered to health care professionals is that â€Å"patients are people†. This is not because health care professionals do not know this or, worse, do not care about the status of their patients. It is simply that in the cut and thrust of decision making in relation to the clinical management of a patient’s condition, the human side of health care can be overshadowed by its technical aspects. No doubt, to become a successful nurse, one must not only learn to deal with their patients as clients, caring for them is important to assure their recovery from any maladies. Since the days of Florence Nightingale, there has been a direct link between nursing and service to others (Kearney, 2001). When a child is asked why they want to become a doctor or a nurse, they often respond, â€Å"To help other people†.   This response partially defines caring because caring cannot occur if others are not involved. Caring requires a recipient. Several theorists have developed conceptual models based on caring. One of them is Dorthea Orem, who developed the Self-Care Deficit Model (1995). Orem believed that all individuals desire to care for and meet their personal care needs and that each person has varied abilities to participate in meeting his personal self-care needs. The nurse attempts to meet the client’s self-care needs in an effort to reduce the client’s self-care deficits. On the other hand, Watson (1999) believed that caring is a moral ideal and that nursing is a caring art and science. The client is the center of human caring. Finally, Leininger (2001) purported that nursing is a learned art focused on caring in accord with an individual’s culture. To these theorists, caring definitely is a vital component of nursing. Moreover, Bertero (1999) deemed that caring includes â€Å"all aspects of delivering nursing care to patients† (p. 414). Thus, caring is the essence and the unifying core of nursing. In her book, Leininger proposed that caring is the trademark of nursing practice: â€Å"Care is the essence and the central unifying and dominant domain to characterize nursing. Care has also been postulated to be an essential human need for the full development, health maintenance, and survival of human beings in all world cultures† (1988, p. 3). These statements imply that caring is both the duty and responsibility of all nurses as members of the health care profession.. Indeed, the central aim of both nursing and medicine is to act in the best interests of the patient. This is such an obvious statement that it is hardly worth setting down on the page. However, the old adage ‘easier said than done’ springs readily to mind once we begin to think out the practicalities of acting in the patient’s best interests. Most difficult, perhaps, is the question of how we know what the patient would say these are. The place of advance directives is relevant here as they present a very clear example of situations where the patient’s interests are known, yet they still lead to complex discussions about the validity of the patient’s view on their situation. The problem is that nurses have to be sure that the circumstances they face are the ones anticipated by the patient when the advance directive was made. With all the stress and challenges of being a nurse, coupled with the management of extended workloads and staff shortages within already restricted finances, it is not surprising that the focus of nursing and caring gets lost within the biomedical emphasis. The advent of clinical supervision focused on reflective practice has promoted a refocusing of the emphasis towards patient-centered care and caring as central to nursing. It provides a structure within which any nurse can develop both personally and professionally, maximizing their therapeutic potential to improve patient care while balancing all challenges with caring for their patients. Although some nurses see their profession as a stepping stone for financial reward, others see nursing profession as a vocation   that provides self-satisfaction or self-fulfillment. Whatever intentions they might have in mind, nursing defines who they are. Nursing, to a professional, is a career plan, a central part of his core being; and caring is the behavioral outcome.   The concepts of essential relationships and self-reward may comprise care of others and care of self. â€Å"Components of this service ideal include a profound sense of purpose, a true sense of capability, and a deep concern for others demonstrated as caring† (Hood Leddy, 2003, p. 32). Service to others provides a meaningful life purpose. Service gives the individual feelings of competence in the ability to perform a task. Service is the link between concern for others and action in response to concern. Definitely, nurses would be able to meet a client’s needs when provide services with care and concern. Caring is a commitment by the nurse to become involved, and its character is relational. Fact is that nurses entered into this relationship with their whole being as they chose to venture in this kind of profession (Bertero, 1999, p. 415). To realize that caring is more than a physical presence, nurses should promote a relational concern for the patient’s well-being. It is essential that there is an active commitment for both the process of healing for the patient and to the furtherance of our nursing knowledge. Thus, there should be a union of caring and competence and the link should be seen as the ultimate goal of the nursing practice. References Bertero, C. (1999). Caring For and About Cancer Patients: Identifying the Meaning of the Phenomenon â€Å"Caring† through Narratives. Cancer Nursing, 22(6): 414–420. Hood, L. and Leddy, S. (2003). Leddy and Pepper’s Conceptual Bases of Professional Nursing (5th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott . Kearney, R. (2001). Advancing Your Career: Concepts of Professional Nursing. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company . Leininger, M. (1988). Care: The Essence of Nursing and Health. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press. Leininger, M. (2001). Culture Care Diversity and Universality: A Theory of Nursing. Boston: Jones and Bartlett. Mosby’s Medical, Nursing and Allied Health Dictionary. (2002). Caring. Retrieved 27 October 2006, from xreferplus. http://www.xreferplus.com/entry/3031342 Orem, D. (1995). Nursing: Concepts of Practice (5th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby. Watson, J. (1999). Nursing: Human Science and Human Care (3rd ed.). Norwalk, CT: Appleton-Century-Crofts. How to cite The Inseparable Link of Nursing and Caring, Essay examples

Coll Quiz free essay sample

C Achieved a 4. 0 cumulative grade point average. D. Been in compliance with OPUS policies on academic integrity in all classes, assignments and interactions. E All of the above Question 4 of 20 Students may be disgruntled for inactivity from OPUS based on which of the following: D. Lifted student fails to complete at least one course during a 12-month period. Although a large percentage of the learners at American Public University are military or family of military, civilians are also valued learners at this institution. These learners include which of the following: A. Working professionals. B. Adult learners. C. Government employees. D. Corporate employees. E All of the above plus more. Question 6 of 20 Turbulent is an online plagiarism checker used by OPUS instructors and students to check the originality of written student work. Question 7 of 20 All courses are offered in 8 week sessions. False Question 8 of 20 Which of the following is false regarding requesting extensions: A. We will write a custom essay sample on Coll Quiz or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The student can file an extension request at any time during the course. Question 9 of 20 If a student believes he or she will need a course extension, he or she must submit the appropriate forms to request the extension before the posted course end date or the current course extension ends.Question 10 of 20 There is a fee for withdrawing from a class within the first week of class. Question 11 of 20 The culminating activity (final assignment) for COOL 100 is a(n) C. Three to five page written research paper. Question 12 of 20 0. 0/0. 5 points undergraduate students who do not maintain a GAP of 2. 5 or higher will be placed on Academic Probation. Question 13 of 20 0. 0/0. 5 Points Though exceptions can be made at the discretion of the instructor, unless other arrangements have been made for an extension, an assignment submitted late in COLLIE is subject to a penalty of how much? Question 14 Of 20What is the minimum Cumulative Grade Point Average (GAP) an undergraduate must have in order to remain in good standing and earn a degree at OPUS? C. 2. O Question 15 of 20 Academic dishonesty could be considered: A. Submitting another person s work. B. Writing a paper for someone else. C. Submitting the same work for credit without approval (e. G submitting the same assignment twice for different courses). D. III of the above. Question 16 of 20 OPUS has a standard writing style format required of all students, regardless of academic program. Question 17 of 20 If you choose to withdraw from a class, which of the following is true:A. The average you had at the point of withdrawal Will not be included in your cumulative average. B. You will receive a MI designation on your transcript. C. You may be entitled to some tuition refund depending on what week you withdraw. D. III of the above Question 18 of 20 The course syllabus provides students with important information about the course. Which of the following is not a component of the course syllabus?