Can Information and Communication Technology Really Heal...

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been said to have the capacity to heal democracy and bring equality to the world’s societies. However, since the beginning of technology, there have always been discussions on whether â€Å"new media† is inherently for good or for evil. This is generally how the debates over technology go. This is because media scholars such as Postman (1992) note that technology is not a neutral entity within our society; it will always have the potential to be used for good and bad. Not only is technology capable of serving these two purposes, media philosophers such as, McLuhan and Postman state that, new technology media is â€Å"ecological†, they will completely change the world we are living in, transforming our reality into a new existence. With these thoughts in mind, this paper will look at how ICTs have benefitted democracy and also how ICTs may have caused harmed. Finally it will argue that though it can be proven that the new media of the 21st century is transforming politics, democracy and our human rights, it does not deserve all the benefit or criticism of molding our world into the societies of which we are a part of today. There are many ways in which new information technology such as the internet and mobile phones can have a positive impact on democracy. A prerequisite for a functioning democracy is a well-informed group of citizens. Balkin notes as cited by (Shirazi, Ngwenyama, Morawczynski, 2009), access to information is atShow MoreRelatedRole of Media in Pakistan5662 Words   |  23 Pagesin Pakistan?............................ 25 14 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦27 International Islamic University, Islamabad | 2 Role of media in Pakistan April 29, 2010 History of Media in Pakistan Print is the oldest media of mass communication. Newspapers can reach greater masses of public. They allow readers to control exposure. This not only gives us the facts about an event or issue but also explains and interprets them. 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Defending the poem Free Essays

During the time that Phillip Sydney wrote, the appeal of poetry was starting to lose its footing for several speculative reasons.   First, in the 16th century, a few learned individuals were beginning to explore prose, the essay form.   Also, some poets were using the elevated language and verse of poetry to compete and even jest with one another in ways that the general public could not understand. We will write a custom essay sample on Defending the poem or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Finally, the original intent of poetry had been lost – that being a valuable type of oral history, originally in song form.   Many simply saw poetry as a useless art.   For this reason, Sydney writes his Apology for Poetry. The diction of the essay suggests a satirical wit about Sydney which has raised a few eyebrows as to the intent of the work.   Is Sydney defending or indicting poetry, an art form to which he had dedicated much of his life?   Sydney’s essays seem to point to a defense, as the title suggest, with a nice dose of self-deprecating humor tossed in to give it that edge of doubt. Similar essay: Plato’s Attack on Poetry First, Sydney is moved by the loquacious John Pietro Pugliano to consider the self-love to which people afford themselves and their own activities.   This lecture on horses spawns in Sydney, the recognition that he could, and should, give the same admiration to poetry: â€Å"And yet I must say that, as I have just cause to make a pitiful defense of poor poetry, which from almost the highest estimation of learning is fallen to be the laughing-stock of children, so have I need to bring some more available proofs†¦.† He begins his defense by taking the reader on a walk through history whereby he points out that all great civilizations have a rich basis of poetry.   He compares poetry as â€Å"the  first light-giver to ignorance† and the â€Å"first nurse, whose milk by little and little enabled them to feed afterwards of tougher knowledge.†Ã‚   To insult poetry and poets, he says, is to slap the face of those that have given them life. In making this proof he gives several examples.   He argues that the Italians such as Dante Boccaccio and Petrarch used language in a way that aided them in their quest to be a â€Å"treasure-house of science† as did the Englishmen Gower and Chaucer you developed art and beauty through poetry.   He goes on to note that that the revered philosophy of the Greeks were first words from the pens of poets and cites Empedocles, Parmenides, Pythagoras, Phocylcides and others as proof of this assertion.   This did so notably show itself, that the philosophers of Greece durst not a long time appear to the world but under the masks of poets.   He even notes that ignorant and barbaric people had one shred of decency, that being the poetry of their songs.   Sydney concludes this argument by noting that â€Å"So that truly neither philosopher nor historiographer could at the first have entered into the gates of popular judgments, if they had not taken a great passport of poetry.à ¢â‚¬  From there, Sydney moves to give his definition of poetry which he calls an art of imitation   Poesy, therefore, is an art of imitation,†¦that is to say, a representing, counterfeiting, or figuring forth; to speak metaphorically, a speaking picture, with this end,—to teach and delight.†Ã‚   He gives three distinct divisions of this end goal.   The first is to glorify God.   He gives Biblical support for this claim: â€Å"Such were David in his Psalms; Solomon in his Song of Songs, in his Ecclesiastes and Proverbs; Moses and Deborah in their Hymns; and the writer of Job†¦.† The second classification is to deal with philosophical matters â€Å"either moral, as Tyrtà ¦us, Phocylides, and Cato; or natural, as Lucretius and Virgil’s Georgics; or astronomical, as Manilius and Pontanus; or historical, as Lucan; which who mislike, the fault is in their judgment quite out of taste, and not in the sweet food of sweetly uttered knowledge.†Ã‚   He is quick to note that even if these great thinkers are false, they are still gaining knowledge. Finally, his third distinction is the men who make imitations of individuals and themes that should be imitated.   Sydney asks that the reader ponder whether the perfect lover, constant friend, valiant man or just prince could ever exist other than in poetry.   In Sydney’s words, â€Å"These verses allows for people to read and to aspire.   For these third be they which most properly do imitate to teach and delight; and to imitate borrow nothing of what is, hath been, or shall be; but range, only reined with learned discretion, into the divine consideration of what may be and should be.† Sydney ends this portion of his defense of poetry by noting that â€Å"So that the ending end of all earthly learning being virtuous action, those skills that most serve to bring forth that have a most just title to be princes over all the rest; wherein, if we can show, the poet is worthy to have it before any other competitors.†Ã‚   To him, the poet is an indispensable part of the creation of history, art, beauty and mankind. In his next section, Sydney compares the poet to the historian and the philosopher.   Here he notes that the poet is the perfect blend of both – thus continuing to truly defend poetry.   He notes that the historian can show people the true and exact picture, but questions whether that is really what the people want to see.   Then he notes that philosophers deal in such abstractions that nobody can really understand what they are saying.   Sydney argues that â€Å"the philosopher teacheth, but he teacheth obscurely, so as the learned only can understand him; that is to say, he teacheth them that are already taught†Ã‚   and that, likewise, â€Å"the best of the historian is subject to the poet.†Ã‚   Thus, he places the position of the poet over them both. Next, Sydney takes a witty look at what types of poetry could be found lacking with some of these individuals.   He proposes that they dislike the pastoral for its simple country views, but satirically counters that â€Å"sometimes, under the pretty tales of wolves and sheep, can include the whole considerations of wrong-doing and patience.†Ã‚   He similarly examines lyric, iambic, comic, satiric, and heroic poetry, finding in each a reason for their prevalence. Sydney continues his satiric swat at these â€Å"poet haters† by intending to discover why, exactly, they hate poetry.   He decides that they seek praise by insulting others and wittily offers that the best way to do this is actually through poetry.   His insulters offer four arguments against poetry which Sydney humorously defends, as if they were not much to deal with in the first place.   They are: o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   that there being many other more fruitful knowledge, a man might better spend his time in them than in this. o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   that it [poetry]is the mother of lies. o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   that it is the nurse of abuse, infecting us with many pestilent desires o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   that Plato banished them out of his Commonwealth Sydney categorically addresses each. To the first he says that â€Å"no learning is so good as that which teacheth and moveth to virtue,† and poetry leads to both.   To the second argument he asserts that â€Å"they [historians, philosophers, doctors, etc] should be the principal liars,† noting the frequent mistakes made in medicine, astronomy and the like.   To the third argument, he argues that many other things abuse equally, or more so, than poetry. He asks the following series of rhetorical questions in response: Doth not knowledge of law, whose end is to even and right all things, being abused, grow the crooked fosterer of horrible injuries? Doth not, to go in the highest, God’s word abused breed heresy, and his name abused become blasphemy? These lines show that any good institution can be abused and can be used to abuse.   It is the people that abuse, not the poetry.   Finally, he allows that he has great reverence for Plato, but notes that philosophers naturally hate poets and that banishing Plato from the commonwealth may not have been such a bad thing after all. Sydney ends his defense of poetry by showing the nay-sayers what will happen in a world without poetry: But if—fie of such a but!—you be born so near the dull-making cataract of Nilus,   that you cannot hear the planet-like music of poetry; if you have so earth-creeping a mind that it cannot lift itself up to look to the sky of poetry, or rather, by a certain rustical disdain, will become such a mome, as to be a Momus of poetry; then, though I will not wish unto you the ass’ ears of Midas, nor to be driven by a         poet’s verses, as Bubonax was, to hang himself; nor to be rimed to death, as is said to be done in Ireland; yet thus much curse I must send you in the behalf of all poets:—that while you live in love, and never get favor for lacking skill of a sonnet; and when you die, your memory die from the earth for want of an epitaph. Even though Sydney uses satirical wit, humor and even a bit of self-deprecation, he is still adamantly defending the art of poetry now and throughout time. How to cite Defending the poem, Essay examples

Burnol Case free essay sample

Burnol Case Study What is your suggestion to Dr Morepen for its repositioning and resultant growth keeping in mind the limited budget the company has at its hospital? Considering the fact that Burnol product has become generic to customers usage amp; hence there is less / no repurchase of the product in the market. Reason being, the product is accepted only as ‘burn specialist’ and not as an Antiseptic cream unlike Boroline, boroplus etc. But it is also necessary to remember that Burnol has remained as a Sole Burns cream in the market and hence, removing or changing the brand name of this product may lead to a negative impact on its current sales amp; brand image. Keeping in mind the limited budget that Dr Morepen is able to place for its re-positioning, coming up with new items in a different product line may not be advisable (as it may require a fresh start on capital, purchase, production amp; marketing investments). We will write a custom essay sample on Burnol Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefore, presenting a new product subsidised as an Antiseptic cream (having the antiseptic composition which Burnol already contains) corresponding to Burnol persisting as a ‘Burns specialist’. The positioning of the ‘Clearol’ product can be best explained through the 4Ps (Product, Place, Price amp; Promotion) – marketing elements. PRODUCT: Burnol has been one of the oldest antiseptic creams in India for more than 60 years, but has been accepted only as a Burns specialist. Introducing ‘Clearol’ as a distinct Antiseptic cream in terms of design, composition, and colour of the cream, packaging and customising the product in a more appealing manner to the customers. Featuring the product in such a way that can be applied not only on Cuts, wounds and dry skin but also treat all sort of skin problems like acnes, scratches, rashes, sun burns and even cracked lips etc. ‘Clearol’ by name itself speaks that it is meant for clear skin, an ‘All-purpose Antiseptic Cream’. As the product being new to the market, package design must be informative to the customers by educating about its use. Adding images on the covers explaining about the application method and informing the customers on its mild composition which is also suitable for sensitive skin children. PLACE: The target audience for this product will not only be children amp; youngsters who may highly prefer this product for wounds amp; cuts; but also targets customers of young, middle-aged amp; old aged segments who would prefer a cream that serves the basic skin care treatments like, moisturising skin/lips, removing dark spots, sun burns, rashes, acnes. Hence, the segmented locations would be medical shops, cosmetic stores and all major retail shops where the product will be made easily available. Perceptual Map: From the perceptual map, it is detected that the majority of the consumption/requirement is for an Antiseptic cream which serves the purpose of wounds, cuts, cracks, dry skin amp; must have which an Antiseptic cream can fulfil. Due to Burnol till date is recognised only as a burns cream, it has only absorbed 14% of the target market (from the above table) amp; could not appeal the customers to use it for wounds, cuts, crack amp; Dry skin – that Boroline could charm (about 70%). Pricing: ‘Clearol’ as an Antiseptic cream will placed in comparison with the current existing antiseptic creams in the market like Boroline, Boroplus, Himalaya’s Antiseptic cream and others. The average price of the current competing antiseptic creams are between Rs. 5 to Rs 115. Considering the product being new to the market and the response for an Antiseptic cream in comparison with a cosmetic creams and other antiseptic creams may be sceptical. Hence the price of the product should be reasonable enough that can compete with the other existing products in terms of price. Therefore, the value of Clearol should be priced somewhere between Rs. 78 to Rs. 85. Pricing strategy: Creating an introductory offer ‘Getting 10gms of Clearol free on purchase of any Dr Morepen product’. This will not only sample the new product to the customers, but would also help in picking up the sales of present products offered by Dr Morepen. Thirdly, this will also create a huge awareness in the market that the product belongs to Dr Morepen which will also help in enhancing the Dr Morepen brand name in the market (considering the brand name of Dr Morepen has not stayed in the minds of customers as strong as Himami, Himalaya, and Boroline). Promotion: Clearol will be positioned as an Antiseptic cream that can be applicable to face and any Dry region of the body. The promotion must mainly concentrate on educating the customers on its usage, unlike which Burnol failed to pass the message to the customers that it is 3 in 1 antiseptic cream and not just a burns specialist – through its advertisements. The Television ads must strongly convey the message that this is an Antiseptic Cream applicable on skin amp; lips and is suitable to both men and women – of all Age groups. Further promotional exercises could be, distributing pamphlet’s, e-Advertisements, and campaigns at schools and colleges may also help in creating sound brand awareness in the minds of society.

Operations Management Report free essay sample

It outlines the findings of an observation made on Saturday, 30th March, 2013 which established that long queues are a common occurrence at Movie World theme park particularly during peak times. The report will examine the body of knowledge in the existing literature with regard to queuing at theme parks and how it affects guest satisfaction, it will then suggest possible solutions, drawing from the literature review and then provide an evaluation of the alternative solutions as well as recommend appropriate methods for the resolution of the queuing challenges at Movie World Theme park. The report concludes by reiterating the importance of effective queue management and its potential to reduce the level of moment of truth, a factor which is very critical to guest satisfaction. 2. 0Brief description of business and context-Movie World Theme Park Movie World theme park is a popular  movie  related  theme park  on the  Gold Coast  in  Australia which is owned and operated by  Village Roadshow Limited and is the only movie related park in Australia. We will write a custom essay sample on Operations Management Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Movie World operates various movie-themed rides and attractions ranging from motion simulators to roller coasters and slow river rides. It also boasts of   costumed character  performers who patrol the park, allowing visitors the chance to take photos with them. This paper will analyse the operations of the theme park as observed on Saturday, 30th March, 2013 with particular interest on queue management. Long and disorderly queues were observed on the day, this report will discuss queue management as an operation management problem that Movie World Theme Park needs to address, particularly at the ticketing offices and as visitors were waiting to get on roller coaster and slow river rides. This is because according to Norman (2009), long lines at theme parks are a continual source of irritation for visitors and may impact on the quality of their experience. 3. 0Identification and analysis of Operations Management challenge-Long and disorderly queues At the ticketing offices, the queues are very long and sometimes disorderly; this is exacerbated by the fact that not all the booths are open at the same time in most cases. Heung, Tsang and Cheng (2009) suggest that most activities in which a service is provided require customers to wait in a queue during the experience, the problem of queuing is quite common in theme parks where visitors who patronise popular new attractions appear to be spending more and more time queuing, as they are forced to wait for a significant length of time simply to play a game or take an adventure ride at a theme park. They contend that waits for rides at attractions are the top complaints among guests. Research has shown that one thing that is inherent in waiting lines is the universal dislike for the process, the feelings and opinions developed in waiting lines influence the customers perception of the awaited experience (Cope, Cope III, Bass, Syrdal, H. A, 2011, Davis Heineke 1994). Desai and Hunsucker (2008) contend that the goal of many visitors at an amusement/ theme park is to experience the most number of rides and attractions possible within the stipulated time; they argue that during peak seasons a common sight at theme parks is a long queue of visitors waiting to seek the thrill and excitement of amusement rides. They further argue that coupled with a limited ride capacity, the park managers face major problems in coping with this heavy demand and high wait times on rides. This scenario of having to wait lengthy periods in queues indicates inferior service levels on the part of park management and may contribute to customer dissatisfaction. Davis Heineke (1994) suggests that the real issue in queue management is not the actual amount of time that the customer waits in a queue, but also the customer’s perception of that wait and his or her associated level of satisfaction, therefore providing a high level of customer satisfaction should be the true objective of effective queue management. The emphasis is customer satisfaction because it provides the necessary linkage between the level of service provided and the customer’s perception of the service and the customer’s future behaviour towards the firm. 4. 0Possible solutions to the challenge In order to mitigate the effects of long waiting time, Kostami and Ward (2009) submit that many service providers offer customers the choice of either waiting in a line or going offline and returning at a dynamically determined future time e. g. Disneyland. They argue however, that to operate such a system, the service provider must make an upfront decision on how to allocate service capacity between the lines especially considering the fact that the estimation of offline waiting times is complicated by the failure by some offline customers to return for service at their appointed time. Other solutions may include resolving capacity problems by increasing ride capacity through adding more infrastructure or increasing the capacity of existing equipment, though this may inevitably involve heavy capital expenditure (Desai and Hunsucker, 2008). Heung, Tsang and Cheng (2009), contend that customers who are unoccupied tend to perceive longer waiting times more negatively than customers who are occupied during their waits, this suggests that efforts aimed at occupying waiting customers with reading materials, interesting displays or providing opportunities for them to do their own tasks as they wait would minimise the negative perceptions that they would have about the waiting time. Further, Heung, Tsang and Cheng (2009) argue that a critical element in all facets of managing customer perception with respect to queues is the proper training of contact personnel especially in high visibility and low variety business environments like theme parks. Norman (2009) contends that measures such as advance reservations minimise the trauma of waiting but they must be seen as fair and equitable to those without reservations. Management may consider assigning customers numbers at arrival and then calling them in sequence. Norman (2009) submits that fairness of system and value of the ride could minimise perceived waiting time. Management should therefore, focus on giving people a good experience while waiting on a line. Management may also consider applying Little’s Law in working out average waiting time and the average number of guests waiting for a service, this will enable them determine average rate of arrivals to the system, thereby forecasting demand and hence reducing the adverse effects of queuing(Little, 2011). 5. 0Conclusion/Recommendations Long waiting time can negatively affect the guest experience and even result in balking or reneging on the part of the guest. It is therefore, recommended that to minimise on the negative effects of waiting time, more ticket booths are opened and more activities are introduced. Resolving capacity problems will enable management at Movie World theme park to minimise average cost when there are costs associated with customer abandonment and queuing. Of utmost importance is the need for management to focus on giving guests a good experience by ensuring that systems put in place to resolve these queuing challenges and thereby improve the through put, in the provision of the service, are seen to be fair by the customer. Effective queue management may mean the difference between quality guest experience, and therefore, zero moment of truth, and dissatisfied customers whose complaints if not well managed may result in loss of business for the service provider. In a business environment where the customer has a number of alternatives to choose from, it is important for service providers to take quality management seriously, and in the case of Movie World, management cannot afford to ignore the problems caused by queuing, considering its effects on guest satisfaction. References Cope, R. F. , Cope III, R. F. Bass, A. N. , Syrdal H. A. (2011). Innovative knowledge management at Disney: Human capital and queuing solutions for services. Journal of Service Science, 4(1), 13 Davis, M. M. , Heineke, J. (1994). Understanding the roles of the customer and the operation for better queue management. International Journal of Operations Production Management, 14(5), 21-34. doi:10. 1108/01443579410056777 Desai, S . S. , Hunsucker, J. L. (2008). A sensitivity analysis tool for improving the capacity of amusement rides. Journal of Simulation, 2(2), 117-126, doi:10. 1057/jos. 2008. 3 Heung, V. C. S. Tsang,N. , Chang, M. (2009). Queuing behaviour in theme parks: a comparison between Chinese and Western tourists. Journal of China Tourism Research, 5(1), 41-51 http://dx. doi. org/10. 1080/19388160802711394 Kostami, V. , Ward, A. R. (2009). Managing service systems with an offline waiting option and customer abandonment. Manufacturing and Service Operations management, 11(4), 644-656. Little, J. D. C. (2011). Little’s Law as viewed on its 50th anniversary. Operations Research, 59(3), 536-549 Norman, D. A. (2009). Designing waits that work. MIT Sloan Management Review, 50(4), 23-28